PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) is a laboratory technique used in IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) to identify and select embryos that are free of specific genetic disorders.
What is PGD Used For?
PGD is used to test embryos for genetic conditions that are either inherited or caused by chromosomal abnormalities. These conditions can include:
- Cystic fibrosis
- Huntington’s disease
- Sickle cell anaemia
- Thalassemia
- Haemophilia
How is PGD Performed?
PGD is performed on embryos created through IVF. The process involves the following steps:
- Egg retrieval: Eggs are collected from the ovaries.
- Fertilisation: The eggs are fertilised with sperm in the laboratory.
- Embryo culture: The fertilised eggs are allowed to develop into embryos.
- Biopsy: A few cells are removed from each embryo.
- Genetic testing: The cells are tested for the specific genetic condition.
- Embryo selection: Embryos that are free of the genetic disorder are selected for implantation.
What are the Benefits of PGD?
PGD offers several benefits, including:
- Reduced risk of genetic disorders: PGD can help reduce the risk of having a child with a serious genetic condition.
- Increased chances of a successful pregnancy: PGD can improve the chances of a successful pregnancy by selecting embryos that are more likely to implant and develop into a healthy baby.
- Peace of mind: PGD can provide peace of mind for couples who are at risk of having a child with a genetic disorder.
What are the Limitations of PGD?
PGD has some limitations, including:
- Cost: PGD is a relatively expensive procedure.
- Not all genetic conditions can be tested: PGD is limited to testing for specific genetic conditions.
- Accuracy: PGD is not 100% accurate. There is a small risk of misdiagnosis or false positives.
Conclusion
PGD is a valuable technique that can help reduce the risk of having a child with a serious genetic condition. It is important to discuss the benefits and limitations of PGD with a doctor before making a decision about whether or not to undergo the procedure.
Additional Information
- The success rate of PGD varies depending on the specific genetic condition being tested.
- PGD is typically performed on embryos that are 5-7 days old.
- The cost of PGD varies depending on the clinic and the number of embryos being tested.
